• Introduction to IT Fundamentals
• Overview of computer hardware, software, and operating systems.
• Basic understanding of IT terminology and concepts.

• PC Hardware
• Identification and installation of internal components such as CPU, RAM, hard drives, and expansion cards.
• Understanding of peripheral devices like printers, scanners, and input devices.
• Troubleshooting hardware issues and performing basic maintenance tasks.

• Networking
• Fundamentals of networking technologies including TCP/IP, Ethernet, and wireless networking.
• Configuration and troubleshooting of network connections.
• Understanding of network protocols and services.

• Mobile Devices
• Configuration and troubleshooting of smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices.
• Understanding of mobile device connectivity options and synchronization.

• Operating Systems
• Installation, configuration, and management of various operating systems such as Windows, macOS, and Linux.
• Understanding of file systems, drivers, and system utilities.
• Configuration of user accounts, permissions, and security settings.

• Security
• Basics of cybersecurity including threats, vulnerabilities, and best practices.
• Implementation of security measures such as encryption, firewalls, and antivirus software.
• Awareness of social engineering and other common attack methods.

• Software Troubleshooting
• Diagnosing and resolving common software issues including application errors and system crashes.
• Understanding of troubleshooting tools and techniques.

• Operational Procedures
• Best practices for documentation, change management, and incident response.
• Compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
• Customer service and communication skills.

• Hardware and Network Troubleshooting
• Advanced troubleshooting techniques for hardware and network issues.
• Use of diagnostic tools and techniques to identify and resolve problems.

• Virtualization and Cloud Computing
• Basics of virtualization technologies and cloud computing services.
• Understanding of virtual machines, hypervisors, and cloud deployment models.

• Check Physical Connections
• Ensure that all cables connecting the hard drive to the motherboard and power supply are securely plugged in.

• Access BIOS/UEFI Settings
• Restart the computer and access the BIOS/UEFI setup utility by pressing the appropriate key during startup (usually displayed on the screen, such as F2 or Del).
• Verify that the hard drive is detected in the BIOS/UEFI. If it's not, there may be a connection issue or a problem with the drive itself.

• Boot Order Configuration
• Check the boot order settings in the BIOS/UEFI. Ensure that the hard drive containing the operating system is set as the primary boot device.

• Diagnostic Tools
• If the hard drive is detected in the BIOS/UEFI but still not booting, use diagnostic tools like the built-in hardware diagnostics or third-party software to check the health of the hard drive for any potential failures.

• External Boot Media
• Boot the computer from external media (such as a bootable USB drive or CD/DVD) containing a diagnostic or operating system installation tool. This can help determine if the issue is with the installed operating system or the hard drive itself.

• Check for Operating System Issues
• If the computer boots from external media successfully, it suggests that the issue may be with the operating system installation on the hard drive. Attempt to repair the operating system using recovery options or reinstall the operating system if necessary.

• Replace Hard Drive
• If all troubleshooting steps fail and the hard drive is determined to be faulty, it may need to be replaced. Ensure to back up any important data before replacing the drive.

• Seek Professional Assistance
• If you're unable to resolve the issue after performing these steps, consider seeking assistance from a professional technician or contacting technical support for further guidance.

• Networking Concepts
• Introduction to networking fundamentals, including OSI and TCP/IP models.
• Understanding of network topologies, architectures, and protocols.

• Infrastructure
• Installation, configuration, and troubleshooting of wired and wireless networks.
• Knowledge of network components such as routers, switches, access points, and cables.

• Network Operations
• Management and monitoring of network devices and services.
• Configuration of network protocols and services like DHCP, DNS, and NAT.

• Network Security
• Basics of network security principles, including authentication, encryption, and access control.
• Implementation of security measures to protect network infrastructure and data.

• Network Troubleshooting and Tools
• Troubleshooting common network problems, such as connectivity issues and performance degradation.
• Use of network diagnostic tools and utilities to identify and resolve issues.

• Network Virtualization and Cloud Computing
• Understanding of virtualization technologies and their impact on network infrastructure.
• Basics of cloud computing services and their integration with traditional networks.

• Network Architecture
• Design and implementation of network architectures to meet business requirements.
• Scalability, reliability, and performance considerations in network design.

• Routing and Switching
• Configuration and troubleshooting of routing and switching protocols, such as OSPF, EIGRP, and STP.
• Understanding of VLANs, trunking, and inter-VLAN routing.

• Wireless Networking
• Configuration and troubleshooting of wireless networks, including standards, security, and roaming.
• Understanding of WLAN components and deployment considerations.

• IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing
• Understanding of IPv4 and IPv6 addressing schemes, subnetting, and address assignment.
• Configuration and troubleshooting of IPv4 and IPv6 addressing on network devices.

• Wide Area Networks (WANs)
• Basics of WAN technologies, such as leased lines, DSL, cable, and VPNs.
• Configuration and troubleshooting of WAN connections and services.

• Network Policies and Procedures
• Documentation of network configurations, policies, and procedures.
• Compliance with regulatory requirements and industry best practices.

• Setting up a Basic Network
• Task: Configure a small network consisting of computers, switches, and routers.
• Activities:
• Assign IP addresses to devices manually and using DHCP.
• Configure basic network services such as DNS and DHCP.
• Test connectivity between devices using ping and traceroute commands.
• Set up VLANs to segment network traffic.

• Configuring a Wireless Network
• Task: Set up and secure a wireless network using access points.
• Activities:
• Install and configure wireless access points.
• Enable encryption (WPA2) and set up a strong passphrase.
• Configure SSIDs and VLANs to segregate traffic.
• Test wireless connectivity and troubleshoot any issues.

• Implementing Network Security Measures
• Task: Enhance network security by implementing various measures.
• Activities:
• Configure access control lists (ACLs) on routers and switches.
• Set up port security to restrict unauthorized access to switch ports.
• Implement MAC filtering on wireless access points.
• Enable firewalls and configure rules to control traffic flow.

• Troubleshooting Network Issues
• Task: Diagnose and resolve common network problems.
• Activities:
• Analyze network traffic using packet sniffers (e.g., Wireshark).
• Use command-line tools (ping, ipconfig, traceroute) to troubleshoot connectivity issues.
• Check device configurations for errors or misconfigurations.
• Identify and resolve issues related to DNS resolution, DHCP leasing, and IP addressing conflicts.

• Configuring VPN and Remote Access
• Task: Set up a virtual private network (VPN) for secure remote access.
• Activities:
• Install and configure VPN server software (e.g., OpenVPN).
• Generate and distribute client certificates for authentication.
• Configure port forwarding on the router/firewall to allow VPN traffic.
• Test VPN connectivity from remote locations and troubleshoot any connectivity issues.

• Implementing Quality of Service (QoS)
• Task: Prioritize network traffic to ensure optimal performance for critical applications.
• Activities:
• Configure QoS policies on routers and switches to prioritize voice and video traffic.
• Set up traffic shaping and bandwidth limiting to prevent network congestion.
• Test QoS configurations by generating traffic and observing the impact on different traffic classes.

• Performing Network Documentation and Diagramming
• Task: Document the network layout and configurations for future reference.
• Activities:
• Create network diagrams using software tools like Microsoft Visio or draw.io.
• Document IP address assignments, device configurations, and network services.
• Organize documentation into clear and concise formats for easy reference by other IT staff.

• Network Fundamentals
• Basic networking concepts and models (OSI model, TCP/IP model)
• Introduction to networking devices (routers, switches, firewalls, etc.)
• Ethernet LANs and VLANs
• IPv4 and IPv6 addressing
• Subnetting and supernetting

• Network Access
• Ethernet standards and technologies
• Configuring and verifying VLANs
• Configuring and verifying trunking on Cisco switches
• Configuring and verifying port security
• Wireless LAN concepts and configurations

• IP Connectivity
• IP routing concepts
• Configuring and verifying IPv4 and IPv6 static routing
• OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) concepts and configurations
• EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) concepts and configurations

• IP Services
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) concepts and configurations
• NAT (Network Address Translation) concepts and configurations
• ACLs (Access Control Lists) concepts and configurations
• QoS (Quality of Service) concepts

• Security Fundamentals
• Common network security threats and vulnerabilities
• Implementing basic security features such as ACLs and port security
• VPN (Virtual Private Network) concepts
• Implementing basic wireless security protocols

• Automation and Programmability
• Basics of network automation
• Introduction to network programmability using Python and REST APIs
• Configuration management tools like Ansible

• Network Management
• Basic network management protocols (SNMP, Syslog)
• Device monitoring and management using Cisco IOS commands
• Network troubleshooting methodologies

• Final Review and Exam Preparation
• Review of key concepts and topics
• Practice exams and quizzes
• Tips and strategies for taking the CCNA certification exam

• Packet Tracer Labs
• Description: Packet Tracer is a simulation tool provided by Cisco for network configuration and troubleshooting exercises.
• Exercises:
• Configuring VLANs and trunking on switches
• Setting up and troubleshooting IP addressing (IPv4 and IPv6)
• Configuring routing protocols (OSPF, EIGRP) and static routes
• Implementing network security features (ACLs, NAT)
• Configuring and troubleshooting wireless networks
• Setting up inter-VLAN routing
• Implementing basic network services like DHCP and DN
• Hands-on Device Configuration
• Description: Some courses offer access to real Cisco networking devices or virtual labs where participants configure devices directly.
• Exercises:
• Configuring Cisco routers and switches with basic and advanced configurations
• Implementing and troubleshooting routing protocols (e.g., OSPF, EIGRP)
• Configuring VLANs, trunking, and EtherChannel
• Setting up and troubleshooting IP services like DHCP, NAT, and QoS
• Securing devices with passwords, SSH, and ACLs
• Troubleshooting Scenarios
• Description: These exercises simulate real-world network issues that participants need to diagnose and resolve.
• Exercises:
• Identifying and fixing connectivity issues between devices
• Resolving IP address conflicts and subnetting problems
• Troubleshooting routing and switching problems
• Investigating and mitigating network security breaches
• Analyzing performance issues using network monitoring tools
• Configuration Challenges
• Description: These exercises require participants to apply their knowledge to solve more complex network configuration tasks.
• Exercises:
• Designing and implementing a network with specific requirements (e.g., multiple VLANs, redundant links)
• Setting up secure remote access (VPN) solutions
• Implementing QoS to prioritize network traffic
• Integrating different networking technologies (wired and wireless)
• Simulation-based Assessments
• Description: Mock exams or quizzes that simulate the format and style of the CCNA certification exam.
• Exercises:
• Multiple-choice questions covering all exam topics
• Scenario-based questions requiring analysis and problem-solving
• Time-limited exercises to simulate exam conditions
• Group Projects (Optional)
• Description: In some courses, participants may collaborate on larger projects that require planning, implementation, and documentation of network solutions.
• Exercises:
• Designing and implementing a network for a hypothetical organization
• Presenting and defending network design decisions
• Collaborating to troubleshoot complex network issues
• Virtual Labs and Online Simulations
• Description: Online platforms or virtual environments where participants can practice networking skills remotely.
• Exercises:
• Accessing virtual instances of Cisco devices (routers, switches)
• Configuring and testing network setups without physical hardware
• Interacting with simulated network environments to gain practical experience

• Introduction to Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)
• Overview of RHEL distributions
• Understanding the RHEL architecture
• Installation and basic configuration of RHEL

• System Access and File Management
• Working with the shell prompt
• Managing files and directories
• Permissions and ownership
• Navigating the file system

• User and Group Administration
• Creating, modifying, and deleting users
• Managing user accounts
• Group administration and permissions

• Package Management
• Using package managers (e.g., yum, dnf)
• Installing, updating, and removing software packages
• Managing software repositories

• Networking
• Configuring network interfaces
• Network troubleshooting
• Managing network services (e.g., DNS, DHCP)

• System Initialization and Services
• Understanding the boot process
• Managing system services
• Configuring runlevels and systemd targets

• Storage Management
• Disk partitioning and formatting
• Logical Volume Management (LVM)
• Filesystem management (e.g., ext4, XFS)

• Security Administration
• Implementing basic firewall rules
• Securing network services
• Configuring SELinux policies

• Shell Scripting
• Writing and executing shell scripts
• Automating system tasks
• Understanding basic scripting constructs

• Troubleshooting and System Maintenance
• System monitoring and performance tuning
• Troubleshooting common system issues
• Performing system backups and restores

• Virtualization and Containers (sometimes included)
• Introduction to virtualization technologies (e.g., KVM)
• Docker and container management basics

• User and Group Administration
• Create new user accounts with specific attributes (e.g., home directory, shell)
• Modify user properties such as password, group membership, and expiration date
• Create and manage groups, including adding and removing users from groups

• File and Directory Management
• Navigate the file system using commands like cd, ls, pwd, and mkdir
• Modify file permissions and ownership using chmod and chown
• Practice using wildcard characters (*, ?, [ ]) to perform file operations

• Package Management
• Install, update, and remove software packages using package managers like yum or dnf
• Search for available packages using appropriate commands
• Manage repositories and configure package sources

• Networking
• Configure network interfaces manually and using tools like nmcli or nmtui
• Troubleshoot network connectivity issues using tools like ping, ifconfig, and ip
• Set up basic network services like DNS resolution and DHCP

• System Initialization and Services
• Manage system services using commands like systemctl or service
• Explore different systemd targets and understand their roles
• Practice managing services during system boot and runtime

• Storage Management
• Partition disks and create filesystems using tools like fdisk, parted, and mkfs
• Create and manage Logical Volumes (LVs) using LVM commands (pvcreate, vgcreate, lvcreate)
• Mount and unmount filesystems, including configuring them to mount at boot

• Security Administration
• Configure basic firewall rules using firewalld or iptables
• Manage SELinux settings, including changing the SELinux mode and file contexts
• Secure SSH access by configuring SSH server settings and managing SSH keys

• Shell Scripting
• Write simple shell scripts to automate common tasks (e.g., backup scripts, log rotation)
• Practice using conditional statements (if statements), loops (for and while loops), and command substitution

• Troubleshooting and System Maintenance
• Monitor system resources using commands like top, free, and vmstat
• Troubleshoot common system issues such as disk space problems, CPU/memory usage, and network connectivity
• Perform system backups and restores using tools like tar or rsync

• Virtualization and Containers (if included)
• Set up and manage virtual machines using tools like virt-manager or virsh
• Explore containerization concepts using Docker or Podman, including building and running containers

• System Configuration and Management:
  
• Configuring static routes, packet filtering, and network address translation
• Setting kernel runtime parameters
• Configuring system to authenticate using Kerberos
• Configuring a system as an iSCSI initiator that persistently mounts an iSCSI target
• Producing and delivering reports on system utilization (processor, memory, disk, and network)
• Using shell scripting to automate system maintenance tasks

• Network Services:
• Installing and configuring basic networking services, including HTTP/HTTPS, FTP, NFS, SMB, SMTP, SSH, NTP
• Configuring a system to authenticate against an LDAP directory service

• Storage Management:
• Creating and configuring file systems, including encryption, at runtime
• Configuring systems to mount file systems at boot by universally unique ID (UUID) or label

• Security:
• Configuring firewall settings using firewall-config, firewall-cmd, or iptables
• Implementing software-defined networking with Open vSwitch
• Configuring system to authenticate using Kerberos
• Configuring a system as either an iSCSI target or initiator that persistently mounts an iSCSI target
• Producing and delivering reports on system utilization (processor, memory, disk, and network)
• Using shell scripting to automate system maintenance tasks

• Troubleshooting:
• Troubleshooting file systems
• Recovering corrupted file systems
• Troubleshooting boot issues
• Analyzing system logs for troubleshooting purposes

• Automation:
• Schedule tasks using cron and at
• Configure systems to boot into a specific runlevel automatically
• Implement specific systemd targets and modify the systemd configuration of services

• Containerization:
• Installing and configuring Docker
• Creating and managing Docker containers
• Configuring and managing Docker images
• Docker security, networking, and storage

• Orchestration:
• Introduction to Kubernetes and OpenShift
• Deploying and managing applications on Kubernetes/OpenShift clusters
• Scaling applications on Kubernetes/OpenShift clusters
• Managing Kubernetes/OpenShift resources

• Network Configuration:
• Configure network interfaces with static and dynamic IP addresses.
• Set up and troubleshoot network bonding for fault tolerance and load balancing.
• Configure VLANs and implement network segmentation.
• Implement and troubleshoot IPv4 and IPv6 routing.

• Storage Management:
• Create and manage various types of file systems, such as ext4, XFS, and Btrfs.
• Configure and manage software RAID devices.
• Set up and configure Logical Volume Management (LVM) for flexible storage allocation.
• Configure and manage network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area networks (SANs).

• Security:
• Configure firewall rules using iptables or firewalld.
• Set up and configure SELinux for enforcing security policies.
• Implement secure remote access using SSH with key-based authentication.
• Configure file and directory permissions, including Access Control Lists (ACLs).

• System Services:
• Install, configure, and manage various system services such as HTTP, FTP, DNS, DHCP, NFS, and Samba.
• Configure and manage time synchronization using NTP.
• Implement centralized authentication and authorization using LDAP or Kerberos.

• Troubleshooting:
• Troubleshoot boot issues and rescue systems using GRUB.
• Analyze system logs using tools like journalctl, syslog, and dmesg.
• Identify and resolve common network connectivity issues.
• Troubleshoot and resolve storage-related problems such as disk failures or file system corruption.

• Automation:
• Write shell scripts to automate system administration tasks.
• Schedule tasks using cron or systemd timers.
• Configure systems to boot into specific runlevels or systemd targets.
• Containerization and Orchestration:
• Install and configure Docker for containerization.
• Create Docker containers, manage images, and work with Docker volumes.
• Deploy and manage applications on Kubernetes/OpenShift clusters.

• Introduction to Cloud Computing
• Overview of cloud computing concepts and benefits.
• Understanding cloud deployment models (public, private, hybrid) and service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS).
• Introduction to AWS Cloud and its global infrastructure.

• AWS Global Infrastructure
• Overview of AWS Regions, Availability Zones, and Edge Locations.
• Understanding the AWS Global Network and how it enables high availability and low latency.

• AWS Core Services
• Introduction to key AWS services, including

• Compute services
•  Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud), Amazon ECS (Elastic Container Service), AWS Lambda.

• Storage services 
• Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service), Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store), Amazon Glacier.

• Networking services 
• Amazon VPC (Virtual Private Cloud), Amazon Route 53 (Domain Name System), AWS Direct Connect.

• Database services 
• Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service), Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon Aurora.
• Security services
• AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management), AWS Key Management Service (KMS).

• AWS Security and Compliance
• Understanding AWS shared responsibility model.
• Overview of AWS security best practices.
• Introduction to AWS compliance programs and certifications.

• Billing and Pricing
• Understanding AWS pricing models, including pay-as-you-go and reserved instances.
• Overview of AWS pricing calculator and TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) calculator.
• Monitoring AWS costs and usage using AWS Cost Explorer.

• AWS Support Plans and Services
• Introduction to AWS Support plans and the AWS Trusted Advisor service.
• Understanding the AWS Well-Architected Framework and its pillars.

• Architectural Principles and Best Practices
• Overview of AWS architectural principles, such as scalability, elasticity, and fault tolerance.
• Introduction to AWS Well-Architected Framework and its five pillars: Operational Excellence, Security, Reliability, Performance Efficiency, and Cost Optimization.

• AWS Management Tools
• Introduction to AWS management tools for monitoring, logging, and automation, including Amazon CloudWatch, AWS CloudTrail, and AWS Config.

• Preparing for the Exam
• Tips and strategies for preparing for the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner exam.
• Practice exams and quizzes to assess readiness for the certification exam.

• AWS Console Navigation
• Practice navigating the AWS Management Console to locate different services and features.
• Try creating, modifying, and deleting resources using the AWS Console.

• Creating and Managing EC2 Instances
• Launch EC2 instances with different instance types, operating systems, and configurations.
• Configure security groups and key pairs for EC2 instances.
• Practice stopping, starting, terminating, and rebooting EC2 instances.

• Working with S3:
• Create S3 buckets and upload objects to them.
• Configure object-level permissions and bucket policies.
• Enable versioning and lifecycle policies on S3 buckets.

• Networking with VPC
• Create custom VPCs with subnets, route tables, and internet gateways.
• Configure security groups and network ACLs to control traffic.
• Practice connecting VPCs using VPC peering and VPN connections.

• Database Services
• Launch RDS database instances (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL) and configure backups.
• Use DynamoDB to create and manage NoSQL databases.
• Explore Amazon Aurora and its benefits compared to traditional databases.

• Identity and Access Management (IAM)
• Create IAM users, groups, and roles with appropriate permissions.
• Practice implementing IAM policies to control access to AWS resources.
• Configure multi-factor authentication (MFA) for IAM users.

• Monitoring and Logging
• Set up CloudWatch alarms to monitor resource metrics (e.g., CPU utilization, network traffic).
• Configure CloudTrail to log AWS API calls and analyze log data.
• Use AWS Config to assess resource configuration compliance.

• Cost Management
• Estimate costs using the AWS Pricing Calculator for different AWS services and usage scenarios.
• Use AWS Cost Explorer to analyze historical AWS spending and identify cost-saving opportunities.
• Implement cost optimization strategies, such as using reserved instances and right-sizing resources.

• Security Best Practices
• Implement encryption for data at rest and data in transit using AWS Key Management Service (KMS) and SSL/TLS.
• Enable AWS Shield and AWS WAF to protect against DDoS attacks and web application vulnerabilities.
• Practice implementing least privilege access controls and regularly rotating credentials.

• Backup and Disaster Recovery
• Set up automated backups and snapshots for EC2 instances and EBS volumes.
• Practice restoring data from backups and snapshots.
• Implement cross-region replication and disaster recovery strategies for critical resources.

• Introduction to AWS
• Overview of AWS services and its global infrastructure
• Understanding the AWS Shared Responsibility Model
• Overview of AWS Free Tier and AWS Billing

• Identity and Access Management (IAM)
• Managing IAM users, groups, and roles
• Configuring permissions and access policies
• Best practices for IAM security

• Compute Services
• Overview of Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)
• Launching and managing EC2 instances
• Understanding EC2 instance types, pricing, and purchasing options
• Auto Scaling and Load Balancing concepts and configurations

• Storage Services
• Introduction to Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service)
• Managing S3 buckets, objects, and permissions
• Understanding S3 storage classes and lifecycle policies
• Overview of Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store) and Amazon EFS (Elastic File System)

• Networking Services
• Configuring Amazon VPC (Virtual Private Cloud)
• Understanding VPC components: subnets, route tables, internet gateways, NAT gateways, etc.
• VPC Peering and VPN connections
• Overview of AWS Direct Connect

• Database Services
• Introduction to Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service)
• Launching and managing RDS database instances
• Understanding RDS Multi-AZ deployments and Read Replicas
• Overview of Amazon DynamoDB and Amazon Aurora

• Security and Compliance
• Configuring network security using Security Groups and NACLs
• Data encryption using AWS KMS (Key Management Service)
• Overview of AWS Security Hub, AWS Inspector, and AWS Config

• Monitoring and Logging
• Overview of Amazon CloudWatch
• Monitoring EC2 instances, EBS volumes, and other AWS resources
• Setting up CloudWatch alarms and notifications
• Introduction to AWS CloudTrail and AWS Config for audit logging and compliance

• High Availability and Disaster Recovery:
• Designing fault-tolerant and highly available architectures
• Implementing multi-region redundancy and failover strategies
• Backup and restore options for AWS services

• Scalability and Performance Optimization
• Designing scalable and performant architectures
• Implementing caching and content delivery using Amazon CloudFront
• Overview of AWS Lambda and AWS Elastic Beanstalk for serverless and managed services

• Deployment and Management Tools
• Overview of AWS CloudFormation for infrastructure as code (IaC)
• Introduction to AWS CLI (Command Line Interface) and AWS SDKs (Software Development Kits)
• Understanding AWS Elastic Beanstalk and AWS OpsWorks for application deployment and management

• Case Studies and Best Practices
• Real-world use cases and architectural patterns
• Best practices for designing and deploying applications on AWS
• Review of sample questions and exam preparation tips

• Creating and Configuring EC2 Instances
• Launch EC2 instances using different instance types and Amazon Machine Images (AMIs).
• Configure security groups, key pairs, and IAM roles for EC2 instances.
• Access EC2 instances using SSH/RDP and perform basic system administration tasks.

• Working with Amazon S3
• Create S3 buckets and upload objects using the AWS Management Console and AWS CLI.
• Configure bucket policies and access control using IAM permissions.
• Enable versioning and lifecycle policies for S3 objects.

• Configuring VPC Networking
• Create custom VPCs with multiple subnets, route tables, and internet gateways.
• Configure VPC peering and VPN connections between VPCs.
• Implement network ACLs and security groups to control traffic flow.

• Implementing High Availability and Fault Tolerance
• Configure EC2 Auto Scaling groups to automatically scale instances based on demand.
• Set up Elastic Load Balancers (ELB) to distribute traffic across multiple instances.
• Configure Multi-AZ deployments for RDS instances to achieve high availability.

• Database Deployment and Management
• Deploy RDS database instances (MySQL, PostgreSQL, or other engines) using the AWS Management Console.
• Configure database backups, snapshots, and automated backups retention policies.
• Create read replicas for RDS instances to offload read traffic.

• Implementing Security Best Practices
• Configure IAM policies and roles with least privilege access for users and applications.
• Enable encryption at rest and in transit for S3 buckets, EBS volumes, and RDS databases.
• Implement AWS WAF and AWS Shield for DDoS protection and web application firewall.

• Monitoring and Logging
• Set up Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor EC2 instances, RDS databases, and other AWS resources.
• Create custom metrics and dashboards in CloudWatch for performance monitoring.
• Configure CloudTrail for logging API calls and use AWS Config for resource inventory and compliance.

• Scalability and Performance Optimization
• Configure Amazon CloudFront distributions for content delivery and caching.
• Use AWS Lambda for serverless computing and trigger functions based on events.
• Optimize performance using Amazon Route 53 for DNS routing and latency-based routing.

• Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
• Create AWS CloudFormation templates to provision and manage AWS resources.
• Use AWS CLI or SDKs to automate resource deployment and configuration.
• Validate and troubleshoot CloudFormation stacks and rollback changes if necessary.

• Architectural Design and Optimization
• Design and implement scalable, cost-effective architectures based on AWS best practices.
• Optimize costs by analyzing usage patterns and leveraging AWS pricing models (e.g., Reserved Instances, Spot Instances).
• Perform architectural reviews and recommend improvements for security, reliability, and performance.

AZ-900 Certification: Microsoft Azure Fundamentals-Lectures

• Introduction to Cloud Computing:
  
• Overview of Cloud Computing
• Benefits of Cloud Services
• Cloud Deployment Models (Public, Private, Hybrid)
• Cloud Service Models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS)

• Core Azure Services:
• Azure Regions and Availability Zones
• Azure Resource Groups
• Core Azure Architectural Components (VMs, Storage, Databases, Networking)
• Azure Compute Services (VMs, App Services, Kubernetes, Functions)

• Azure Pricing and Support:
• Azure Pricing Models
• Cost Management and Billing Tools
•  Azure Service Level Agreements (SLAs)
•  Azure Support Plans

• Azure Solutions and Management Tools:
• Azure Portal and Azure CLI
• Azure PowerShell
• Azure Resource Manager (ARM)
• Azure Marketplace

• Core Solutions and Management Tools on Azure:
•  Internet of Things (IoT) on Azure
•  Big Data and Analytics (Azure Synapse, HDInsight)
•  AI and Machine Learning (Azure AI, Azure ML)
•  DevOps Solutions (Azure DevOps, GitHub)

• General Security and Network Security Features:
• Azure Security Center
• Azure Key Vault
• Azure DDoS Protection
• Network Security Groups (NSGs)

• Identity, Governance, Privacy, and Compliance Features:
•  Azure Active Directory (Azure AD)
•  Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
•  Azure Policy
•  Compliance Offerings and Trust Center

• Azure Cost Management and Service Level Agreements:
• Planning and Managing Azure Costs
• Azure Cost Management and Billing
• Service Lifecycle in Azure
• SLAs and Service Lifecycle

• Azure Monitoring and Reporting:
• Azure Monitor and Azure Service Health
• Azure Advisor
• Azure Log Analytics
• Application Insights

• Lab Exercise 1: Exploring the Azure Portal
• Objective: Familiarize participants with the Azure Portal interface and navigation.
• Tasks:
• Log in to the Azure Portal using a provided Azure subscription.
• Explore the different areas of the Azure Portal, including Home, Dashboard, and All services.
• Navigate through the Azure services and solutions available in the portal.
• Customize the Azure Portal dashboard to display relevant resources and information.

• Lab Exercise 2: Deploying a Virtual Machine (VM) in Azure
• Objective: Learn how to provision and manage Azure Virtual Machines (VMs) using the Azure Portal.
• Tasks:
• Create a new Azure Virtual Machine instance using the Azure Portal.
• Select an appropriate VM size, operating system, and configuration setting.
• Configure networking options, including virtual networks, subnets, and public IP addresses.
• Review and validate the VM deployment settings before provisioning.

• Lab Exercise 3: Configuring Azure Storage
• Objective: Gain hands-on experience in working with Azure Storage services.
• Tasks:
• Create an Azure Storage account using the Azure Portal.
• Explore the different types of storage services available, including Blob storage, File storage, and Table storage.
• Create a new Blob container and upload files to it.
• Set up access control and permissions for Azure Storage resources.

• Lab Exercise 4: Implementing Azure Identity and Access Management
• Objective: Understand how to manage identities and access controls in Azure Active Directory (Azure AD).
• Tasks:
• Create a new Azure Active Directory tenant using the Azure Portal.
• Add users and groups to the Azure AD directory and assign roles and permissions.
• Configure multi-factor authentication (MFA) for selected users.
• Monitor and audit user sign-in activity using Azure AD logs and reporting tools.

• Lab Exercise 5: Monitoring Azure Resources
• Objective: Learn how to monitor and analyze Azure resource usage and performance.
• Tasks:
• Set up monitoring and diagnostics for Azure resources using Azure Monitor.
• Configure alerts and notifications based on performance thresholds and conditions.
• Review and analyze monitoring data and metrics for selected Azure resources.
• Create and share dashboards to visualize Azure resource usage and performance trends.

• Lab Exercise 6: Managing Azure Costs and Subscriptions
• Objective: Understand how to manage Azure costs and subscriptions effectively.
• Tasks:
• Review the Azure pricing calculator and estimate costs for different Azure services and configurations.
• Monitor and analyze Azure billing and usage data using the Azure Cost Management + Billing portal.
• Optimize Azure costs by identifying unused resources, resizing VMs, and leveraging cost-saving options.
• Manage Azure subscriptions, including upgrading/downgrading plans, adding/removing users, and setting spending limits.

• Introduction to Microsoft Azure
• Overview of Azure services, solutions, and management tools
• Azure architecture: regions, availability zones, and resource groups
• Azure portal, Azure PowerShell, and Azure CLI overview

• Managing Azure Subscriptions and Resource Groups
• Azure subscriptions and billing
• Resource groups and resource management
• Role-based access control (RBAC) and Azure policies

• Deploying and Managing Azure Virtual Machines
• Virtual machine (VM) deployment options and configurations
• Managing VM sizes, images, and disks
• Azure VM networking and connectivity options

• Azure Storage Solutions
• Azure Storage account types and configurations
• Blob storage, file storage, and table storage
• Azure Disk Storage and Azure Files

• Azure Networking
• Azure Virtual Network (VNet) concepts and configurations
• Network security groups (NSGs) and Azure Firewall
• Azure Load Balancer and Azure Application Gateway

• Azure Identity and Access Management (IAM)
• Azure Active Directory (AAD) overview
• Azure AD users, groups, and roles
• Azure AD Connect and hybrid identity management

• Azure Governance and Compliance
• Azure Policy and Azure Blueprints
• Azure Security Center and Azure Monitor
• Compliance, audit logging, and governance best practices

• Monitoring and Troubleshooting Azure Resources
• Azure Monitor and Azure Log Analytics
• Monitoring Azure VMs, storage, and networking
• Troubleshooting common Azure issues and performance bottlenecks
• 
  

• Managing Azure Subscriptions and Resource Groups
• Exercise 1: Creating and managing Azure subscriptions
• Exercise 2: Creating and managing Azure resource groups
• Exercise 3: Implementing resource locks and access controls

• Provisioning and Managing Azure Virtual Machines
• Exercise 1: Provisioning Azure virtual machines (VMs) using the Azure portal and Azure CLI
• Exercise 2: Configuring VM networking, storage, and security settings
• Exercise 3: Managing VM availability, backups, and monitoring

• Configuring and Managing Azure Storage Accounts
• Exercise 1: Creating and managing Azure storage accounts and containers
• Exercise 2: Configuring storage access controls and encryption
• Exercise 3: Implementing Azure Blob Storage lifecycle management

• Managing Azure Networking Resources
• Exercise 1: Configuring Azure virtual networks (VNets) and subnets
• Exercise 2: Implementing network security groups (NSGs) and Azure Firewall
• Exercise 3: Configuring Azure VPN Gateway and ExpressRoute

• Managing Azure Active Directory Identities and Access
• Exercise 1: Creating and managing Azure Active Directory (AAD) users and groups
• Exercise 2: Configuring AAD identity protection and authentication methods
• Exercise 3: Implementing Azure role-based access control (RBAC) and conditional access policies

• Implementing Azure Governance and Security Controls
• Exercise 1: Configuring Azure Policy and Azure Security Center
• Exercise 2: Implementing Azure Key Vault for secrets management
• Exercise 3: Monitoring and auditing Azure resources with Azure Monitor and Log Analytics

• Introduction to Cybersecurity
• Overview of cybersecurity concepts, including threats, vulnerabilities, and attacks.
• Understanding the importance of cybersecurity in protecting information assets.

• Cyber Threats and Attack Techniques
• Classification of cyber threats such as malware, phishing, ransomware, and DDoS attacks.
• In-depth exploration of attack techniques used by threat actors to compromise systems and data.

• Security Principles and Best Practices
• Fundamentals of security principles including confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA triad).
• Best practices for securing systems, networks, and applications against common threats.

• Network Security
• Introduction to network security concepts, including firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS), and VPNs.
• Implementation of network security measures to protect against unauthorized access and data breaches.

• Operating System Security
• Strategies for securing operating systems (Windows, Linux, macOS) against malware, vulnerabilities, and unauthorized access.
• Configuration of security features such as user access controls, encryption, and patch management.

• Cryptography
• Basics of cryptography including encryption algorithms, cryptographic protocols, and digital signatures.
• Application of cryptographic techniques to ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity.

• Web Security
• Common web security threats such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and cross-site request forgery (CSRF).
• Techniques for securing web applications and web servers against attacks and vulnerabilities.

• Cloud Security
• Security considerations for cloud computing environments, including data privacy, compliance, and shared responsibility models.
• Configuration and management of cloud security controls to protect cloud-based resources.

• Incident Response and Disaster Recovery
• Development of incident response plans and procedures to detect, respond to, and recover from security incidents.
• Implementation of backup and disaster recovery strategies to ensure business continuity in the event of a cyber attack.

• Security Compliance and Governance
• Overview of security standards, regulations, and compliance frameworks (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA, PCI DSS).
• Implementation of security policies, procedures, and controls to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.

• Security Awareness and Training
• Importance of security awareness training for employees to recognize and mitigate security risks.
• Development of security awareness programs to promote a culture of cybersecurity within organizations.

• Network Security Exercises:
• Configure and secure network devices (routers, switches).
• Set up firewall rules and monitor network traffic using tools like Wireshark.
• Detect and respond to network intrusions in simulated environments.
• Web Application Security Challenges:
• Conduct penetration testing on web applications to identify and exploit vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, XSS, and CSRF.
• Implement secure coding practices to mitigate common web attacks.
• Use tools like Burp Suite or OWASP ZAP for web application security testing.
• Cryptography Labs:
• Implement encryption and decryption algorithms (e.g., AES, RSA) in programming exercises.
• Analyze cryptographic protocols for strengths and weaknesses.
• Design and implement secure communication channels using cryptographic techniques.
• Incident Response Simulations:
• Simulate security incidents and practice incident response procedures.
• Analyze log files, network traffic, and system artifacts to investigate and mitigate incidents.
• Develop incident response plans and communicate findings effectively.
• Ethical Hacking Projects:
• Perform penetration testing exercises on simulated environments or Capture the Flag (CTF) challenges.
• Exploit vulnerabilities using tools like Metasploit and conduct privilege escalation.
• Document findings in penetration test reports, including recommendations for mitigation.
• Compliance and Risk Management Exercises:
• Conduct risk assessments and develop risk mitigation strategies for hypothetical scenarios.
• Ensure compliance with relevant cybersecurity standards and regulations (e.g., PCI-DSS, GDPR).
• Evaluate the effectiveness of security controls and recommend improvements.
• Cybersecurity Tools Training:
• Hands-on practice with cybersecurity tools such as Nmap, Wireshark, Snort, and antivirus software.
• Configure and deploy intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) and Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) tools.
• Explore advanced features and capabilities of security tools through practical exercises.

• Introduction to Ethical Hacking
• Definition and importance of ethical hacking
• Differences between ethical hacking and malicious hacking
• Legal and ethical considerations in ethical hacking

• Networking Fundamentals
• Basics of networking protocols (TCP/IP, DNS, DHCP)
• OSI model and TCP/IP model
• Understanding network devices (routers, switches, firewalls)

• Information Gathering and Reconnaissance
• Passive and active reconnaissance techniques
• Footprinting and OSINT (Open Source Intelligence) gathering
• Tools for network scanning and enumeration (Nmap, Netcat, Wireshark)

• Scanning and Enumeration
• Port scanning techniques (TCP, UDP, SYN, ACK)
• Service enumeration and version detection
• Vulnerability scanning (Nessus, OpenVAS, Nikto)

• System Hacking
• Password cracking techniques (brute force, dictionary attacks)
• Exploiting system vulnerabilities (buffer overflows, privilege escalation)
• Escalating privileges and maintaining access (backdoors, rootkits)

• Web Application Hacking
• Understanding web application architecture (client-side vs. server-side)
• Common web vulnerabilities (SQL injection, XSS, CSRF, command injection)
• Web application security testing tools (Burp Suite, OWASP ZAP)
• Wi-Fi fundamentals and security protocols (WEP, WPA, WPA2)
• Wireless network reconnaissance and attacks (WPS attacks, deauthentication attacks)
• Securing wireless networks and mitigating attacks

• Social Engineering Attacks
• Understanding social engineering tactics (phishing, pretexting, baiting)
• Psychological principles behind social engineering
• Conducting social engineering engagements and awareness campaigns

• Evading IDS, IPS, and Firewalls
• Understanding intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS)
• Evading detection techniques (obfuscation, encryption, tunneling)
• Firewall evasion techniques (fragmentation, tunneling)

• Penetration Testing Methodologies
• Introduction to penetration testing frameworks (OSSTMM, PTES)
• Steps involved in penetration testing (reconnaissance, scanning, exploitation, post-exploitation)
• Reporting and documentation of penetration test findings

• Ethical Hacking Tools and Techniques
• Hands-on training with popular hacking tools and frameworks (Metasploit, Aircrack-ng, John the Ripper)
• Writing custom scripts for automation and exploitation
• Best practices for using ethical hacking tools responsibly

• Legal and Regulatory Aspects
• Laws and regulations related to ethical hacking (Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, GDPR)
• Obtaining proper authorization for penetration testing engagements
• Ethical responsibilities of ethical hackers and penetration testersCase Studies and Practical Exercises:
• Real-world examples of ethical hacking scenarios and penetration testing engagements
• Hands-on labs and simulations to reinforce concepts and techniques
• Group projects to apply ethical hacking skills in practical scenarios

• Network Scanning and Enumeration:
• Use tools like Nmap to scan a network for active hosts and services.
• Enumerate information from discovered hosts, such as open ports and running services.

• Vulnerability Assessment:
• Conduct vulnerability scans using tools like OpenVAS or Nessus to identify potential security weaknesses in systems.
• Analyze scan results and prioritize vulnerabilities based on severity.

• Password Cracking:
• Perform password cracking exercises using tools like John the Ripper or Hashcat.
• Crack hashed passwords obtained from various sources (e.g., password files, network captures).

• Web Application Security Testing:
• Perform SQL injection attacks on vulnerable web applications to retrieve sensitive information.
• Exploit cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities to execute malicious scripts in web browsers.

• Wireless Network Security:
• Conduct wireless penetration testing using tools like Aircrack-ng to crack WEP/WPA keys.
• Analyze wireless network traffic to identify security weaknesses and potential attacks.

• Social Engineering Simulation:
• Design and execute social engineering attacks (e.g., phishing emails, pretexting calls) to test user awareness and susceptibility.
• Analyze the effectiveness of different social engineering tactics.

• Capture the Flag (CTF) Challenges:
• Participate in CTF events or online platforms where participants solve security-related challenges.
• Challenges may include exploiting vulnerabilities, decrypting files, or gaining access to systems.

• Penetration Testing Projects:
• Develop and execute a penetration testing plan for a simulated target network or application.
• Document findings, exploit techniques, and recommendations in a comprehensive report.

• Incident Response Simulation:
• Simulate a security incident scenario and practice incident response procedures.
• Analyze log files, network traffic, and system artifacts to determine the cause and extent of the incident.

• Ethical Decision Making Exercises:
• Discuss and analyze ethical dilemmas related to hacking activities.
• Evaluate the legal and moral implications of exploiting vulnerabilities and disclosing findings responsibly.

"Elevate your IT skills with BIT ! Our comprehensive courses in Hardware Networking, Red Hat Linux, AWS, and Ethical Hacking are designed for aspiring IT professionals. Gain in-depth knowledge, hands-on experience, and real-world insights through our expert-led training. Plus, get the edge with internship opportunities to build your practical skills and boost your career prospects. Join BIT  and take the first step towards your IT success!"

An internship as part of the Hardware Networking, Red Hat Linux, AWS, and Ethical Hacking course offers several valuable benefits, including:

1. Real-World Experience

• Apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios.
• Work on live projects that enhance your understanding of industry practices.

2. Skill Development

• Gain hands-on expertise in setting up networks, managing Linux servers, deploying AWS services, and implementing cybersecurity solutions.
• Develop problem-solving, teamwork, and time management skills.

3. Industry Exposure

• Understand how IT infrastructure is managed in professional environments.
• Learn the latest tools and techniques used in the field.

4. Networking Opportunities

• Build connections with industry professionals and mentors.
• Create valuable relationships that may lead to job offers or referrals.

5. Resume Enhancement

• Add practical experience to your CV, making you stand out in job applications.
• Showcase your internship as proof of your readiness for the IT industry.

6. Career Confidence

• Gain a clear perspective on career paths in IT.
• Transition smoothly into full-time roles with hands-on expertise.

Internships bridge the gap between learning and working, preparing you for a successful and confident start in the IT industry.